隨著工程機械設(shè)備需求的持續(xù)增長，挖掘機的種類愈發(fā)繁多，市場保有量也呈現(xiàn)出逐年攀升的態(tài)勢。為了更好地滿足用戶需求，得中機械根據(jù)挖掘機的作業(yè)特性，對其進行了細致的分類，并針對各類挖掘機的特點進行了簡明扼要的闡述。

With the continuous growth of demand for construction machinery equipment, the types of excavators are becoming increasingly diverse, and the market share is also showing a trend of increasing year by year. In order to better meet user needs, Dezhong Machinery has classified excavators in detail based on their operational characteristics and provided concise explanations of the characteristics of each type of excavator.

首先，按照規(guī)模大小來劃分，挖掘機可以分為大型、中型和小型三類。這種分類主要依據(jù)的是挖掘機的噸位。通常來說，20噸位以下的被歸為小型挖掘機，20至30噸之間的屬于中型挖掘機，而超過30噸的則被稱為大型挖掘機。

Firstly, excavators can be divided into three categories based on their scale: large, medium, and small. This classification is mainly based on the tonnage of the excavator. Generally speaking, excavators weighing less than 20 tons are classified as small excavators, those weighing between 20 and 30 tons are classified as medium excavators, and those weighing over 30 tons are referred to as large excavators.

其次，從驅(qū)動方式來看，挖掘機又可分為內(nèi)燃機驅(qū)動和電力驅(qū)動兩種。電力驅(qū)動挖掘機特別適合在高原缺氧、地下礦井以及其他易燃易爆的環(huán)境中使用，但相較于內(nèi)燃機驅(qū)動挖掘機，其移動性稍顯不足。再者，根據(jù)行走方式的不同，挖掘機還可分為履帶式和輪式。履帶式挖掘機因其強大的越野能力和廣泛的適用性，在礦山等惡劣工況下表現(xiàn)出色，但移動性稍弱且價格較高；而輪式挖掘機則以其較小的投資、快速的行動速度受到青睞，盡管其使用范圍相對有限，主要集中在路政或市內(nèi)工程，且爬坡能力有待提升。

Secondly, from the perspective of driving methods, excavators can be divided into two types: internal combustion engine driven and electric driven. Electric driven excavators are particularly suitable for use in high-altitude oxygen deficient, underground mines, and other flammable and explosive environments, but compared to internal combustion engine driven excavators, their mobility is slightly insufficient. Furthermore, according to different walking modes, excavators can also be divided into tracked and wheeled types. Crawler excavators perform well in harsh working conditions such as mines due to their strong off-road capabilities and wide applicability, but their mobility is slightly weaker and their price is higher; Wheel excavators, on the other hand, are favored for their smaller investment and faster movement speed, although their usage range is relatively limited, mainly concentrated in road administration or urban engineering, and their climbing ability needs to be improved.

另外，按照傳動方式的不同，挖掘機還可以分為液壓式和機械式兩種。液壓挖掘機依靠液壓缸進行作業(yè)，功能多樣，廣泛應(yīng)用于交通運輸、礦山采掘等機械施工中，對于提高勞動生產(chǎn)率具有顯著效果；而機械挖掘機則通過鋼絲繩、齒輪和轉(zhuǎn)輪進行作業(yè)，主要用于挖掘高于或低于承機面的物料，如土壤、煤、泥沙以及預(yù)松后的土壤和巖石等。

In addition, according to the different transmission methods, excavators can be divided into two types: hydraulic and mechanical. Hydraulic excavators rely on hydraulic cylinders for operation, with diverse functions, widely used in mechanical construction such as transportation and mining, and have significant effects on improving labor productivity; Mechanical excavators operate through steel wire ropes, gears, and wheels, mainly used to excavate materials above or below the bearing surface, such as soil, coal, sediment, and pre loosened soil and rocks.

最后，根據(jù)鏟斗的類型，挖掘機還可分為正鏟和反鏟兩種。正鏟挖掘機主要用于挖掘地表以上的物料，其挖斗通常比同當(dāng)量的反鏟挖掘機斗要大一些；而反鏟挖掘機則更擅長挖掘地表以下的物料。

Finally, according to the type of bucket, excavators can also be divided into two types: front shovel and backhoe. A front shovel excavator is mainly used to excavate materials above the surface, and its bucket is usually larger than that of a backhoe excavator of the same equivalent; Backhoe excavators are better at digging materials below the surface.

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